The Penal Code is a set of laws governing a country's criminal law. It defines offenses, which can be classified into three categories: contraventions, délits and crimes. Contraventions are the least serious offenses, often punishable by fines. Misdemeanors, more serious offenses, can carry prison sentences of up to 10 years. Crimes, the most serious offenses, are punishable by terms of imprisonment ranging from 15 years to life.

The Penal Code can also establish principles of criminal responsibility, specifying that individuals are held accountable for their actions. It includes provisions on the criminal liability of legal entities, enabling companies to be prosecuted for offences committed within the scope of their activities.

The Penal Code is structured in two parts: general provisions, which set out the basics of criminal law, and specific provisions, which detail offences and their penalties.

Its role is essential in protecting citizens' rights, maintaining public order and reflecting societal values, particularly in terms of justice and equality. Over the years, the Penal Code has evolved to adapt to social change and new forms of crime, incorporating modern concepts such as cybercrime and human rights violations.

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